226
THE NEW ZEALAND GAZETTE.
[No. 9

verse-pegs, the distances between which pegs and the sides of the road adjacent thereto, as well as the lines forming the sides of the road, may be calculated or scaled, as the case may admit. Lines bounding roads in such cases need not be parallel, but must not approach the centre of the road-line within 50 links. At distances not greater than ½ mile apart, iron tubes are to be inserted in positions not likely to be disturbed, and, where possible, so situated as to be visible from a trigonometrical station or from another tube. At the boundary of a section or block, however, pegs must in all cases be placed on both sides of the road. Main roads should not have a steeper grade than 1 in 15; district roads, 1 in 10; and where these grades cannot be readily obtained, the case should be reported for advice: and in all cases roads should be graded on the best lines to be found, and the gradient written on the plan, if steeper than 1 in 50. In certain cases, longitudinal and cross sections of roads will be necessary, for which special instructions will be given; but in all cases the surveyor is to insure that the grade can be obtained within the road. In cases where traverses are carried partly along an open river-bed, angle-pegs must be placed on the banks at least 30 links from the brink of river.

19. All adjacent and included prior claims and their boundaries are to be investigated, and, if necessary, redefined; for which object copies of the original plans will be furnished from the chief district offices. These claims are to be surveyed as held by established or indicated marks on the ground, and must be shown on the map by black lines if the boundaries disagree with recorded measurements based on original plans and descriptions. If owners of prior claims cannot be found, and if all the marks of their claims are obliterated, then it will be competent for the surveyor to re-establish the boundaries by his own actual survey, recording them in the same manner as new surveys. A general rule is, not to interfere with original boundaries, and, with respect to the survey of land already disposed of but not granted, the exact area should be marked off: where land has been granted, but not previously surveyed, or of which the survey marks are lost, the distances according to the grant are to be taken, in preference to any attempt to lay out upon the ground the exact area granted.

20. All pegs are to be of sawn or dressed heart of totara, kowhai (goay), blue-gum, kauri, matai, (black-pine), puriri, or hinau, 3in. by 2in., and 2ft. long, put 18in. into the ground, the hole having first been driven by an iron jumper. The front pegs of sections must have the numbers of the sections and the letter R branded on them; in bush, back pegs are to be branded with the numbers as well; road traverse pegs must have the letter R and the broad arrow, either at the side or on top; ranging pegs, the broad arrow only. In forest country, at convenient distances, trees on the traverse lines should be blazed, and the linkage marked on the face. Conspicuous trees should also be branded, and their distances and bearings from section corners noted in field-book. Sections must be pegged front and back as well as at every corner, and have ranging pegs placed 3 chains distant from the front ones, with. the lines pared 2ft. wide, or cut 4ft. wide up to them: should the 3-chain distance come in an impracticable place, then the peg is to be placed wherever convenient for extending the line beyond, and the distance from the frontage peg be given on the map. Pegs must be inserted and lockspits made at the intersection of every road, large stream, or path likely to be seen by the public. Where the side lines of sections exceed 80 chains in length, ranging pegs are to be inserted along the boundary, in places prominent from the back corner as well as from the front or range peg of the section. In forest where the timber has not been burned off, iron pins 6in. long, ¼in. square or diameter, should be inserted alongside every boundary-peg. In town and suburban work, pegs should be centred with a tin tack.

21. All pegs in open country should have trenches dug in the following manner: 6ft. long, 9in. wide, and 9in. deep. At adjacent section frontages, thus:

At traverse boundaries, thus:

At corners of isolated (spotting) sections, thus:

On road-lines, thus:

in all cases commencing 2ft. from the peg. Attention is to be paid to the placing of pegs or marks so that they can be best preserved, and be readily found by settlers when fencing their boundaries.

22. The positions of the section-pegs in the traverse lines already surveyed are to be measured on the ground and noted on the map, and should the section-peg be off the traverse line the point of intersection should be given, as well as the distance of the section-peg from that point. The measured or calculated distances should, where the roads are pegged on both sides, be given from adjacent road-pegs on same side also.

23. All crossings of creeks and tracks in public use are to be noted; also such notes are to be made as will give a sketch of the topographical features to be delineated on the working-plan.

24. In mapping, meridian and perpendicular lines are to be drawn through the initial station of the survey, or at even distances of 100 chains from initial point, which initial station must be a trigonometrical station; or faint-blue lines may be drawn so as to describe squares of 5in. sides. From these the skeleton boundaries and traverses are to be set off by scale and parallel ruler from the distances in the calculated traverse table. An Ordnance protractor may be used in detail plotting. The top of the map must always be to the north. In irregular and complicated figures, the areas must be given within one-half per cent. of the mathematical area.

25. After having drawn road-lines and boundaries on the map, disposition of sections is to be designed, adhering as much as possible to the cardinal points for sake of simplicity and the avoidance of error. Sections are, as nearly as practicable, to have a depth equal to three times the width or frontage to a road, stream, lake, or coast; but where land is open for selection before survey, the sections must not have a depth of less than 40 chains.

26. Measured lines are to be drawn in red, calculated lines in black, with figures in red and black respectively. Observed bearings are to be written in blue, and calculated bearings in black. New pegs should be marked by a small red circle, old pegs by a small black circle. Water is to be coloured Prussian blue, roads burnt sienna, bush green. Hills to be shaded in light Indian ink. A black marginal line is to be drawn round the map. Road-line and boundary-ends of adjacent survey sections