948
THE NEW ZEALAND GAZETTE.
[No. 46

ton, hundredweight, quarter, stone, and pound; relative
lengths of the mile, furlong, chain, and rod.
Drawing.—The same kind of work as for Standard I., but
more advanced, and with the addition of simple curvilinear
forms—as defined in Regulation 19.

2. Class-subjects.
   Mental Arithmetic.—Adapted to this stage of progress.
   Geography.—Knowledge of the meaning of a map; of the
   principal geographical terms; and of the positions of the
   continents, oceans, and larger seas.
   Object-lessons, and Lessons in Natural History and on
   Manufactures.—A syllabus, as in Standard I.

3. Additional Subjects.
   Comprehension of the Language of the Reading Lessons.
   Repetition of Verses.—Syllabus showing progress.
   Singing.—Songs as before; the places of the notes on the
   stave, or the symbol used for each note in the notation
   adopted; to sing the major diatonic scale and the successive
   notes of the common chord in all keys.
   Needlework and Drill.—See Regulations 24 and 11.

STANDARD III.

1. Pass-subjects.
   Reading.—Easy reading-book, to be read fluently and
   intelligently, with knowledge of the meanings of the words,
   and with due regard to the distinction of paragraphs as well
   as of sentences. Insufficient apprehension of the value of
   the paragraph is not to affect the individual pass, but the
   Inspector will not be satisfied with the class if he finds that
   this defect is general.
   Spelling.—From the same book; knowledge of words
   having the same, or nearly the same, sound, but differing in
   meaning; dictation of easy sentences from the reading-
   book of a lower standard. Dictation is not prescribed for
   Standards I. and II., because of the serious danger which
   attaches to the dictation exercise used prematurely. If a
   child writes incorrectly, his visual memory is affected by his
   error. On the other hand, transcription is continued in this
   standard (under the head of "Writing"), because it affords
   no excuse for mistakes, and allows the teacher or examiner
   to expect and demand precision; and, besides, it insures
   familiarity with the use of punctuation-marks and capital
   letters.
   Writing.—Longer words and sentences, not larger than
   round-hand; transcription from the reading-book of Standard
   III., with due regard to punctuation and quotation marks.
   Arithmetic.—Numeration and notation generally (one
   billion being taken as the second power of one million, one
   trillion the third power, and so on); long multiplication and
   long division; the four money rules, excepting long multiplication of money; tables of money, avoirdupois weight,
   and long measure.
   Composition.—Very simple exercises to test the pupils'
   power of putting their own thoughts on familiar subjects
   into words.
   Geography.—The names and positions of the chief towns
   of New Zealand; the principal features of the district in
   which the school is situated; names and positions of Australian Colonies and their capitals; of the countries and
   capitals of Europe; of well-known mountains; and of celebrated rivers. The mountains and rivers named in the following lists will suffice: Pyrenees, Alps, Apennines, Carpathians, Balkan, Vesuvius, Etna, Hecla; Ural, Caucasus,
   Altai, Himalayas, Hindu Kush, Thian-Shan; Atlas, Kilimanjaro, Ruwenzori; Rocky, Sierra Nevada, Alleghany, Popocatepetl; Andes, Cotopaxi; Australian Alps; Egmont, Ruapehu, Cook, Thames, Seine, Rhine, Rhone, Elbe, Danube,
   Tiber, Volga; Nile, Niger, Congo, Zambesi; Euphrates,
   Tigris, Amu (Oxus), Ganges, Hoang-ho, Yang-tse-kiang,
   Amur, Lena, Yenisei, Obi; St. Lawrence, Mississippi, Missouri, Mackenzie; Amazon, La Plata; Murray.
   Drawing.—Freehand drawing of regular forms and curved
   figures from the flat; very elementary knowledge of degrees.
   (See Regulation 19.)

2. Class-subjects.
   Mental Arithmetic.—Easy money problems.
   Grammar.—The distinguishing of the nouns, verbs, adjectives, articles, and pronouns in easy sentences. The more
   difficult pronouns (as the indefinite and distributive) are not
   to be used as tests of knowledge in this standard, but the
   children should be able to recognise as a pronoun any personal, possessive, or demonstrative pronoun, whether used as
   a substantive or as an adjective.
   English History.—Such a knowledge of a few prominent
   persons and events, distributed over the whole period from the
   Roman invasion, as might be imparted in twenty or thirty
   lessons of a simple character. Lessons explanatory of historical pictures would best answer the end in view. The
   teacher will prepare a list of about twenty-five persons and
   events and about a dozen dates, and the Inspector will ask

simple questions to ascertain whether the children have retained an intelligent knowledge of the subjects set down in
these lists, and will expect to find that a few dates selected
are thoroughly impressed on their memory. The dates
should be well spread over the whole period, and relate to
very important events or crises.
Knowledge of Common Things.—A syllabus as for object-lessons in the former standards.

3. Additional Subjects.
   Comprehension of the Language of the Reading-lessons.
   Repetition of Verses.—Syllabus showing progress.
   Singing.—Easy exercises on the common chord and the
   interval of a second, in common time and in 2/4 time, not involving the use of dotted notes; use of the signs p., f., cresc.,
   dim., rall., and their equivalents; songs as before, or in
   common with the upper part of the school.
   Needlework and Drill.—See Regulations 24 and 11.

STANDARD IV.
(The Standard of Education under Section 90 of "The
Education Act, 1877.")

1. Pass-subjects.
   Reading.—An easy book of prose and verse.
   Spelling and Dictation suited to this stage, as represented
   by the reading-book in use; the dictation to exhibit a knowledge of the use of capitals and punctuation, but (at inspection) to be confined to prose.
   Writing.—Good copies in a hand not larger than round-hand, and transcription of poetry.
   Arithmetic.—Long multiplication of money; reduction of
   money, weights and measures; the compound rules applied to
   problems in weights and measures; practice and the making
   out of bills of accounts and receipts; tables of money, weights
   and measures. The weights and measures for this standard
   are: Avoirdupois weight, troy weight, long measure, square
   measure, measures of capacity (including cubic measure) and
   time, and angular measure. The questions for "pass"
   must not include the difficult cases in which division by 5½
   or 30¼ with a remainder is involved, but such cases may be
   put separately as a test of the ability of the class.
   Composition.—Letter-writing on prescribed subjects; the
   addressing of letters and envelopes; exercises in the turning
   of two given simple sentences into one simple sentence with
   an adjunct, and in the construction of the complex sentence
   by the blending of given simple sentences through the use of
   substantial, adjectival, and adverbial clauses. The pupils
   are not to be required to give technical names to sentences,
   adjuncts, or clauses, or to distinguish the three kinds of
   clauses, but they must be able to turn given sentences into
   clauses, and to insert them in suitable order.
   Mental Arithmetic adapted to this stage of progress.
   Geography.—New Zealand: Seat of Government; chief
   towns of provincial districts; leading products and industries according to locality; principal ports; interprovincial
   transit; principal objects of interest to tourists; rough maps
   of the colony showing such one set of principal features (as
   capes, towns, rivers, mountains) as the Inspector may require.
   Australia: The names and positions of the colonies, and
   their chief towns, capes, bays, and ports. The map of the
   world: The principal trade routes; the countries in which
   the principal articles of commerce are produced; the chief
   ports and trading centres; the oceans and great seas; the
   most conspicuous geographical features of the several continents.
   Drawing.—Practical plane geometry and very simple applications of scales to the geometrical problems. Freehand
   drawing to be kept up. (See Regulation 19.)

2. Class-subjects.
   Grammar.—The distinguishing of all the parts of speech
   in easy sentences; the inflections of the noun, adjective,
   and pronoun.
   English History.—The period from the Norman conquest
   to the Battle of Bosworth: About twenty-five persons and
   events, and about twelve dates, are to be selected from this
   period by the teacher. (See Regulation 15, and the description of the work in history for Standard III.)
   Elementary Science.—As prescribed in Regulation 20
   or 21.

3. Additional Subjects.
   Comprehension of the Language of the Reading-lessons.
   Recitation.—A list of pieces learnt, and one piece (or more)
   specially prepared for the examination.
   Singing.—Easy exercise on the chords of the dominant and
   subdominant, and in the intervals prescribed for Standard
   III.; exercises in triple time; use of dotted notes; melodies,
   rounds, and part songs in common with the higher standards. [Note.—It will suffice if this class take the air of the
   songs while the other parts are sung by the more advanced
   classes, and it may be useful to let older scholars lead the
   parts in a round.]
   Needlework and Drill.—See Regulations 24 and 11.