1296

THE NEW ZEALAND GAZETTE.

[No. 78

and all fabrics to be washed taken away, sulphur is
put into a metallic dish, a little saltpetre put on the
top or mixed with it, and then lighted. The propor-
tions should be two pounds of sulphur for every 1,000
cubic feet of space. In a very long room it is best
to have the sulphur in two or more places. After the
fumigation is completed, the doors and windows
should be opened and kept open for several hours.
In disinfecting in this manner with sulphurous acid
the person setting light to the saltpetre and sulphur
must make a precipitate escape from the room the
instant the sulphur is burning. Carpets may be
fumigated on the floor by this method, afterwards re-
moved to the open air and thoroughly beaten. Pillows,
feather beds, mattresses, and upholstered furniture,
after being disinfected on the outside, should be cut
open and their contents exposed to the fumes of
burning sulphur. In no case should the disinfection
of clothing and bedding be omitted. Where articles
of clothing, towels, or anything used by sick persons
are considered too valueless to be kept, they must not
be burned in the house or open air before they have
been completely disinfected. Bad epidemic at Phila-
delphia resulted from neglect of this precaution.

PRECAUTIONS FOR WELL PEOPLE TO AVOID SCARLET
FEVER, DIPHTHERIA, AND SMALL-POX.

14. Avoid exposure to special contagion of the
    disease: more danger for children than for adults.
    Do not, therefore, let a child go near a case. Do not
    permit any person or thing, dog, cat, or other animal,
    plaything, letters, &c., to come direct from a case of
    these diseases to a child, unless previously disinfected
    under competent supervision. If you do visit a case,
    bathe yourself, especially hands, face, and hair, in a
    disinfectant solution, and change and disinfect your
    clothing before you go where there is a child. See
    that your residence, premises, &c., are kept clean and
    dry; that the sewer-connections are well trapped and
    drains well ventilated. Never allow passages from
    persons sick with the disease to be placed in water-
    closets or privies, but have them attended to as in
    sections 7 and 8. Give special attention to purity of
    milk-supply. Do not allow a child to ride in any
    vehicle where there is suspicion of infected persons
    having travelled. Avoid exposure to wind, and cold
    dry air. Do not wear or handle clothing worn by a
    person during sickness or convalescence from these
    diseases. Beware of any person who has a sore throat
    or running at nose. Do not kiss or take the breath
    of such a person. Do not drink from the same cup
    or put pen in your mouth.

15. In the case of all these diseases remember that
    the contagion may be stored up from one season to
    another, if not destroyed. Do not let it be so stored,
    and see that your children do not visit a house where
    one of these diseases has been, even though some
    months have since elapsed, unless you know the house,
    clothes, &c., have been thoroughly disinfected.

16. In the case of small-pox too much care cannot
    be taken to see that every person who has not been
    vaccinated within seven years be vaccinated or re-
    vaccinated.

17. If vaccination has "taken well" a few years
    before, this is, if anything, an extra reason for revacci-
    nation. Persons who have had small-pox may take it
    again.

18. With regard to all these diseases remember
    that a mild form in one person may originate a severe
    form in another.

19. In connection with this subject it should be
    remembered that too much attention cannot be paid
    to surroundings in general, such as drainage, ventila-
    tion, food, warmth, &c. Temperature and rainfall
    have much to do with the spread of some of these
    diseases-diphtheria for example, which is generally

least prevalent in August, increasing until January,
and with the same regularity declining again until
August; most fatal in lowest and worst drained
parts of cities. Examine relative positions of wells
and privies. Where city water is used, investigate
source of water-supply, and place of debouchure of
sewers (outbreak of diphtheria in Naples, 1872, clearly
traced to contaminated water). In country districts,
isolated outbreaks, traceable to cesspool effluvia, are
not at all uncommon. Frequently will be found the
water-closet drain discharging into a cesspool cleaned
out only at rare intervals, gases generated in eesspool
having no outlet except through water-closet and into
the house; hence diphtheria and other diseases. In
cities, where proper attention to the trapping of all
waste-pipes leading to sewers is too frequently taken
for granted, examine carefully into arrangement and
ventilation of drains; ascertain whether, in conse-
quence of attention not having been duly paid to the
trapping of overflow, lavatory, and every other waste
pipe, gases are not being conveyed in sundry ingenious
ways into the various apartments they were presumed
to be excluded from; that the plumbers have not, in
other words, succeeded in ventilating the house drains,
and therefore, of course, the sewers, into the bed-
rooms.

Bonuses on Colonial Industries.

Colonial Secretary's Office,
Wellington, 18th July, 1882.

NOTICE is hereby given that the following
bonuses will be paid on articles produced in the
Colony of New Zealand, as under :-

LINSEED OIL.

A bonus of five hundred pounds (£500) will be
given for the production, by machinery permanently
established in New Zealand, of the first 10,000 gallons
of oil, of good marketable quality, from linseed grown
in the colony.

OIL-CAKE.

A bonus of one hundred pounds (£100) will be
given for the production of the first 50 tons of oil-
cake, of good marketable quality, from linseed grown
in the colony.

SUGAR.

A bonus of one thousand pounds (£1,000) will be
given for the production of the first 125 tons of sugar,
manufactured in New Zealand, from beet or any
other root or plant grown in the colony.

SILK.

A bonus of fifty per cent. on the value realized for
the first thousand pounds' (£1,000) worth of cocoons
of the silkworm, or silkworms' eggs, produced in the
colony, to be paid on quantities of not less value than
fifty pounds (£50) nor more than one hundred
pounds (£100) produced by any one person.

SUGAR-REFINING.

A bonus of five hundred pounds (£500) will be
given for three years in succession for the refining
each year, by machinery established in New Zealand,
of not less than 100 tons of cane sugar. The esta-
blishment by which such refining is effected must be
what is ordinarily known as a sugar-refinery. The firm
refining the first 100 tons of sugar, and receiving the
bonus, shall be also entitled to the bonus of the two
following years upon fulfilling the conditions above
named.

OSTRICHES.

A bonus of five pounds (£5) per head will be given
for healthy ostrich chicks landed in New Zealand for
the purpose of being reared and maintained in the