70
THE NEW ZEALAND GAZETTE.

(b) Sailing ships under weigh shall use a fog
horn:
(c) Steam ships and sailing ships when not under
weigh shall use a bell.

Steering and Sailing Rules.

Two sailing ships meeting.
Art. 11. If two sailing ships are meeting end on or
nearly end on so as to involve risk of collision, the
helms of both shall be put to port, so that each may
pass on the port side of the other.

Two sailing ships crossing.
Art. 12. When two sailing ships are crossing so as
to involve risk of collision, then, if they have the
wind on different sides, the ship with the wind on the
port side shall keep out of the way of the ship with
the wind on the starboard side; except in the case in
which the ship with the wind on the port side is close
hauled and the other ship free, in which case the
latter ship shall keep out of the way; but if they
have the wind on the same side, or if one of them
has the wind aft, the ship which is to windward shall
keep out of the way of the ship which is to leeward.

Two ships under steam meeting.
Art. 13. If two ships under steam are meeting end
on, or nearly end on, so as to involve risk of collision,
the helms of both shall be put to port, so that each
may pass on the port side of the other.

Two ships under steam crossing.
Art. 14. If two ships under steam are crossing so
as to involve risk of collision, the ship which has the
other on her own starboard side shall keep out of the
way of the other.

Sailing ship and ship under steam.
Art. 15. If two ships, one of which is a sailing
ship, and the other a steam ship, are proceeding in
such directions as to involve risk of collision, the
steam ship shall keep out of the way of the sailing
ship.

Ships under steam to slacken speed.
Art. 16. Every steam ship, when approaching
another ship so as to involve risk of collision, shall
slacken her speed, or, if necessary, stop and reverse;
and every steam ship shall, when in a fog, go at a
moderate speed.

Vessels overtaking other vessels.
Art. 17. Every vessel overtaking any other vessel
shall keep out of the way of the said last-mentioned
vessel.

Construction of Articles 12, 14, 15, and 17.
Art. 18. Where by the above rules one of two
ships is to keep out of the way, the other shall keep
her course, subject to the qualifications contained in
the following article.

Proviso to save special cases.
Art. 19. In obeying and construing these rules,
due regard must be had to all dangers of navigation;
and due regard must also be had to any special
circumstances which may exist in any particular case
rendering a departure from the above rules necessary
in order to avoid immediate danger.

No ship under any circumstances to neglect proper precautions.
Art. 20. Nothing in these rules shall exonerate
any ship, or the owner, or master, or crew thereof,
from the consequences of any neglect to carry lights
or signals, or of any neglect to keep a proper look-
out, or of the neglect of any precaution which may
be required by the ordinary practice of seamen, or
by the special circumstances of the case.

DIAGRAMS TO ILLUSTRATE THE USE OF THE LIGHTS
CARRIED BY VESSELS AT SEA,
And the manner in which they indicate to the vessel
which sees them the position and description of the
vessel that carries them.

When both Red and Green Lights are seen :-
A sees a Red and Green light ahead; - A knows
that a vessel is approaching her on a course directly
opposite to her own, as B;

If A sees a White mast-head light above the
other two, she knows that B is a steam-vessel.

When the Red and not the Green Light is seen :--
A sees a Red light ahead or on the bow;-A
knows that either,
1, a vessel is approaching her on her port bow,
as B.;

or 2, a vessel is crossing in some direction to port,
as D D D;

If A sees a White mast-head light above the red
light, A knows that the vessel is a steam-vessel, and
is either approaching her in the same direction, as B,
or is crossing to port in some direction, as D D D.

When the Green, and not the Red Light, is seen :-
A sees a Green light ahead or on the bow;-A
knows that either,
1, a vessel is approaching her on her starboard
bow, as B;

or 2, a vessel is crossing in some direction to
starboard, as D D D.