258
THE NEW ZEALAND GAZETTE.
power and authority in me vested by the said Act,
do hereby abolish the abovenamed polling place for
the district of the Town of Lyttelton for the election
of Members of the Provincial Council of Canterbury,
and do appoint in lieu thereof—
THE RESIDENT MAGISTRATE'S COURT, Lyttelton.
Given under the hand of His Excellency Sir
George Grey, Knight Commander of the
Most Honorable Order of the Bath,
Governor and Commander-in-Chief in
and over Her Majesty's Colony of New
Zealand and its Dependencies, at the
Government House, at Wellington, this
twenty-ninth day of May, in the year of
our Lord one thousand eight hundred
and sixty-seven.
E. W. STAFFORD.

way paragraphs thirty-eight and thirty-nine of the
original instructions, to which it is an addition.
T. H. FARRER.

Colonial Secretary's Office,
Wellington, 6th June, 1867.
THE following Memoranda, received in a Circular
Despatch from the Secretary of State, dated
the 26th January, 1867, are published for general
information.
E. W. STAFFORD.

MEMORANDUM ON DISINFECTION.
N.B.—It is to cleanliness, ventilation and drainage,
and the use of perfectly pure drinking water, that
populations ought mainly to look for safety against
nuisance and infection. Artificial disinfectants
cannot properly supply the place of these essentials;
for, except in a small and peculiar class of cases,
they are of temporary or imperfect usefulness. That
no house refuse—not only no excremental matter, but
also no other kind of dirt or refuse, should remain on
or about inhabited premises, is a first rule against
infection. That the air within the house should
never in any part of the house be stagnant, but
should always be in course of renewal from without
by uninterrupted and abundant supplies of fresh air,
is a condition of equal importance. And that all
water meant to be used for drinking or cooking
should be drawn from sources which cannot have
been polluted by any kind of refuse matter, is a third
most important rule for the avoidance of infection.
If dwelling-places have within them any odour of
drainage, particular examination should be made
(1) whether the filth which house drains are meant
to carry away is retained in or near the premises in
ill-made drains, or sewers, or cesspools, or perhaps is
leaking from house-drains within the house; and
(2) whether, inside the house, the inlets of drains
and sinks are properly trapped; and (3) whether
the drains and sewers are sufficiently ventilated
outside the house. All water-closets within houses
should have free openings for ventilation from and
into the outer air. Of a cesspool, the only true
disinfection is to abolish it. In country places,
where proper drainage is not provided, the nuisance
of open privies may be best avoided by the use of the
so-called earth-closets.

If a sewer is much complained of, as stinking into
the public way, generally the presumption is, that,
from original ill-construction or some other cause, it
does not properly fulfil its object, but has filth
accumulated and stagnant in it; and such a sewer,
besides occasioning nuisance in the public way, may
be the source of serious danger to the inhabitants of
houses which drain into it. It is most important
that all sewers should be well ventilated at points
where their effluvia will be least injurious; and
ordinary drain-pipes may be used to conduct the
effluvia to a distance.

For convenience, in this Memorandum, the word disinfectants
is used to cover, not only those true disinfectants which per-
manently destroy infective matter, but also those agents which
merely arrest the process, or absorb the offensive products, of
organic decomposition.

For artificial disinfection on a large scale, the
agents which most commonly prove useful are—
quick-lime, chloride of lime, carbolic acid, sulphate
of iron, perchloride of iron, and chloride of manganese.
The following are also efficient disinfectants, but, as
being dearer, are less suited for large operations:
sulphate of zinc, chloride of zinc, chloride of soda,
and permanganate of potash. In certain cases
chlorine gas, or nitrous acid gas, or sulphurous acid

Colonial Secretary's Office,
Wellington, 6th June, 1867.
THE following Circular from the Board of Trade is
published for general information.
E. W. STAFFORD.

[CIRCULAR NO. 245.]
SUPPLEMENTARY INSTRUCTIONS TO OFFICERS IN
BRITISH POSSESSIONS ABROAD.
(In addition to paragraph 38.)
Seamen picked up at sea.
In the case of a vessel arriving with distressed British
seamen on board who have been rescued or picked up
at sea, the following course should be pursued:—
When the vessel in question is a foreign vessel, the
master should be paid his claim for subsistence of the
men on board his ship, if the claim appear fair and
reasonable.

If no claim be made, or if the claim made appear
unreasonable, the officer should tender the master a
sum calculated at the rate of two shillings a day for
a master, and one shilling and sixpence a day for each
seaman subsisted on board, or in extraordinary cases
such other sum as may appear fair and reasonable
under the circumstances, bearing in mind that the
repayment of the actual expenses incurred by the
foreign vessel is the object to be attained.

When the vessel in question is a British or Colonial
vessel, and no claim is made by the master, a sum
calculated at the rate of two shillings a day for a
master, and one shilling and sixpence a day for each
seaman subsisted on board should be tendered to the
master, and this rate is in no case to be exceeded.

Cases in which extraordinary expense has been
incurred, either by a foreign, a British, or a Colonial
vessel, and all cases of dispute should be referred to
the Board of Trade for settlement.

Whenever a vessel with distressed British seamen
on board who have been rescued or picked up at sea,
arrives at the port, the officer should report to the
Board of Trade as soon as possible the whole circum-
stances of the case, especially as to—

1. The risk (if any) incurred in the rescue.
2. The number of men rescued, and the number
   of days they were subsisted on board the
   rescuing ship.
3. The treatment of the distressed seamen on
   board.
4. The amount paid to or refused by the master
   of the rescuing ship.

Every sum paid for subsistence in cases of this
nature should be charged in the officer's quarterly
account with the Board of Trade, under the head of
Travelling Expenses (Form CC. 13), and vouched for
by the receipt of the master for the amount.
This circular is not intended to supersede in any