188
THE NEW ZEALAND GAZETTE.
as to the rigging and unrigging of vessels of the class
he is examined for, the stowing of holds, &c., and as to
the steps he would take to promote the safety of his
vessel or to save the lives of his passengers and crew
in any emergency the examiner may choose to
suggest. He must also prove himself well acquainted
with those portions of the coast he will require to
navigate, including the soundings and strength and
set of the tides, and show that he can shape a course
from the chart, making due allowance for tides, lee-
way, and other disturbing elements.

10. The master of a seagoing steamer must be
    twenty-one years of age, and have been five years at sea,
    of which he must have served at least one as first or
    only mate. He must write a legible hand, and under-
    stand the first four rules of arithmetic and the appli-
    cation of logarithms to nautical problems. He must
    know the rule of the road, and describe and show that he
    thoroughly understands the application of the Govern-
    ment Regulations as to Lights and Fog Signals. He
    must understand the compass thoroughly, be able to
    take bearings therewith and correct them for varia-
    tion and deviation, and be able to lay down his
    position on a chart by such corrected bearings. He
    must be able to explain variation and deviation in
    general terms, and show how they are to be allowed
    for in laying off a course. He must also be able to
    ascertain the combined variation and deviation of
    his compasses from altitudes and azimuth of the
    sun. He must know the marks of the lead line, and
    understand how to mark a log line to suit any glass.
    He must be able to find the time of high water at
    any port from its establishment, and be able to reduce,
    soundings taken at any time to low water.

He must be able to work a day's work complete,
including the bearings and distances of his ports of
departure and destination, by Mercator's method,
and to lay down his position thus found on a chart.
He must understand the use of a sextant thoroughly,
and be able to determine and apply its index error,
and to ascertain whether it be in proper adjustment.

He must be able to ascertain his latitude by
meridian or double altitudes of the sun, and by
observation of a star, and be able to compare and
rate chronometers, and to find his longitude by them
by the usual rule and to verify the same by Sumner's
method.

He must be able to lay down his position on the
chart as thus ascertained as well as by dead reckoning,
and to deduct the set and velocity of currents by any
difference between the positions thus found.

He must give satisfactory proofs of his knowledge
of general seamanship, and will amongst other things
be examined as to the rigging and unrigging of
vessels, the stowing of holds, the shifting of large
spars and sails, the management of a vessel in stormy
weather, securing cables, and casting a ship when
on a lee shore. He will be examined as to his
competence to construct rafts, and as to his resources
for the preservation of passengers and crew in the
event of a wreck.

He must also be acquainted with the lights and
leading lights on the coasts and in the harbours
which he is accustomed or intends to navigate, as
well as with the soundings, tidal currents, &c.

In all cases satisfactory testimonials of character,
sobriety and good conduct on board ship must be
produced before the candidate can be examined.

C.—Qualifications for Engineers' Certificates.

11. The engineer of a river steamer must be twenty-
    one years of age.

He must have served an apprenticeship to an
engineer, or prove that for not less than three years
he has been employed in some factory or workshop
on the making or repairing of engines, and must also
have been in charge or driver of a steam engine for
at least one year; or
He must have been in charge of a steam engine at
work for not less than three years.

He must be able to give a description of boilers,
and the methods of staying them, together with the
use and management of the different valves, cocks,
pipes, and connections.

He must understand how to correct defects from
accident, decay, &c., and the means of repairing such
defects.

He must understand the use of the barometer,
thermometer, and salinometer.

He must state the causes, effects, and usual remedies
for incrustation and corrosion.

He must be able to state how a temporary or
permanent repair could be effected in case of derange-
ment of any part of the machinery, or of a total
break down.

He must be able to pass a creditable examination
as to the details of the different working parts of the
engine for which he is being examined, together with
the use of each part.

He must write a legible hand, and understand the
first four rules of arithmetic.

12. The engineer of a sea-going steamer must be
    twenty-two years of age.

He must have served an apprenticeship to an
engineer, or prove that for not less than three years
he has been employed in some factory or workshop
on the making and repairing of engines, and must
also have served not less than two years at sea in the
engine room; or

He must have served at least four years at sea in
the engine room, of which at least one must have
been served as second engineer.

He must write a legible hand, and understand the
first five rules of arithmetic and the use of decimals,
also the mensuration of superficies and solids, and
the extraction of the square root.

He must be able to give a description of boilers
and the method of staying them, together with the
use and management of the different valves, cocks,
pipes, and connections.

He must understand how to correct defects from
accidents, decay, &c., and the means of repairing
such defects.

He must understand the use of the barometer,
thermometer, hydrometer, and salinometer.

He must state the causes, effects, and usual remedies
for incrustation and corrosion.

He must be able to state how a temporary or
permanent repair could be effected in case of derange-
ment of any part of the machinery or total break
down.

He must be able to pass a creditable examination
as to the various constructions of screw and paddle
engines in general use; and as to the details of the
different working parts, external and internal, with
the use of each part.

He must be acquainted with the principles of
expansion, and able to prove, or at least to illustrate,
the use of the expansion gear.

He must be able to explain the method of testing
and altering the setting of the slide valves, and of
testing the fairness of the paddle and screw shafts,
and of adjusting them.

He must be generally conversant with surface
condensation and super-heating.

He must be able to calculate safety valve pressures,
and the strength of the boiler, and the strain on the
stays at any pressure.

He must be able to take off and calculate indicator
diagrams.

He must have served an apprenticeship to an
engineer, or prove that for not less than three years
he has been employed in some factory or workshop
on the making or repairing of engines, and must also I work from.
He must be able to make rough sketches of any
part of the machinery, with figured dimensions fit to