140

THE NEW ZEALAND GAZETTE.

least two of its stations should be found and be
marked by flags, and their bearings and distances
verified; the relative position of points in the new
survey may then be determined either by convergent
angles from the old survey lines as a base, or from
different points in the new traverse: occasionally, as
in the case of a portion of the shore intervening, a
traverse may be the most convenient mode of making
the connection.

The system of survey by boundary traverse is
generally the only one practicable in small areas,
especially in lands encumbered with dense vegeta-
tion, but large blocks of open land may be more
satisfactorily as well as much more cheaply surveyed
by minor triangulation, or by ordinates from
diagonals, but in every case all boundary lines must
be conspicuously marked on the ground, so as to be
readily visible to all parties concerned: on open land
this should be done by poles and flags, and if the
vegetation exceeds two feet in height, such lines
should be cut. The angle points must invariably be
permanently marked according to the regulations,
and their positions be satisfactorily defined.

Whenever trigonometrical stations occur within
available distance from any part of a block under
survey, the meridian must be derived from it; where
none such is available, the magnetic meridian must
be used, but the fore and back sights from both
extremities of long lines ought to be read and
compared, in order to guard against the effect of
local variation so common in many parts of New
Zealand.

On a large survey, unconnected with triangulation,
the surveyor would neglect his duty if he failed to
take observations to ascertain the variation of his
meridian; these may best be taken either on the sun
when near the prime, vertical, or on a star at the
same altitude on either side of the meridian, which
will of course be in the bi-section of the included
angle.

If observations are taken on the sun, the surveyor
need not make the calculations in the field, but it
will suffice if he furnishes the observations only to
the office with the map.

The map must distinctly show the work as it has
been performed. Cut lines should be drawn in red
(scarlet lake), the measurement being written in the
same color above the lines when there is room, and
the bearings below it, but when the lines are so short
that the figures would inconveniently crowd the
space, the bearings and distances may be put in a
table in any convenient part of the map.

Bearings must be written in blue, and bearing
lines, not cut or chained, drawn in the same color.

Calculated or scaled distances should be written
in black. The length of the boundary lines of the
land claimed must always be distinctly written on
them. When such lines are produced for traverse
or other purposes, or when a portion only of the
boundary line is used as a traverse line, such differing
length should be written in small figures at the end
of the line and at right angles to it, so as not to give
rise to mistakes in making out the Certificate of
Title.

The boundary pegs should be shown on the map by
small circles. Lock-spits should also be shown when
the scale and the absence of crowded work admits
of it.

When surveys are sent to the Provincial Surveyor
there should always be written on the map the
address of the surveyor, to which it may, if neces-
sary, be returned for correction. If so returned the
errors noted must be immediately amended, and if
required their occurrence explained.

Any disputes as to cost of survey, between
surveyors and Native owners of lands, will be heard
and determined by the Court, but no claim will be
recognized unless the regulations have been satis-
factorily complied with, and until after the survey
shall have been finally passed as approved.

Surveys sent in in grossly faulty condition will be
rejected altogether, and in cases of such or any other
misconduct tending to destroy confidence in his
surveys, if no satisfactory explanation can be given
by the surveyor, he will be liable to have his certifi-
cate cancelled.

THEOPHILUS HEALE,
Inspector of Surveys.

Auckland, 31st January, 1867.

Printed under the authority of the New Zealand Government, by GEORGE DIDSBURY, Government Printer, Wellington.