of arithmetic. He must know and be able to explain
the rule of the road, and be conversant with the
Harbor Regulations of the port for which he is
examined. He must describe and show that he
thoroughly understands the application of the Government Regulations as to Light and Fog Signals.

For all river steamers which are required to carry
a compass, the master must show that he understands
its use and is able to take bearings and correct them
for variation and deviation, and prick them and the
ship’s course off on the chart. He must know the
marks on the lead line, and be able to heave the log.

9. The master of a river steamer licensed to ply
   within extended limits must be twenty years of age,
   and must have been three years at sea, and have served
   not less than one year as mate. He must write a
   legible hand, and understand the first four rules of
   arithmetic. He must know the rule of the road, be
   conversant with the Harbor Regulations of the port or
   ports to which his certificate is intended to apply, and
   must describe and show that he thoroughly understands the application of the Government Regulations
   as to Lights and Fog Signals. He must understand
   the compass thoroughly, be able to take bearings therewith and correct them for variation and deviation, and
   be able to lay down his position on a chart by such
   corrected bearings. He must be able to explain
   deviation and variation in general terms, and show how
   they are to be allowed for in laying off a course. He
   must know the marks on the lead line, and explain
   how log lines are marked to suit any glass, and understand how to heave the log.

He must be able to work a day’s work complete,
including the bearings and distances of his ports of
departure and destination, by Mercator’s method. He
must understand the use of a quadrant or sextant, be
able to observe with it and read off the observed angle;
he must also understand the construction of the instrument sufficiently to be able to tell whether it is in good
adjustment or not. He must be able to find his latitude either by a meridian altitude or by double altitudes
of the sun.

In seamanship he must give satisfactory answers
as to the rigging and unrigging of vessels of the class
he is examined for, the stowing of holds, &c. and as to
the steps he would take to promote the safety of his
vessel or to save the lives of his passengers and crew in
any emergency the examiner may choose to suggest.
He must also prove himself well acquainted with those
portions of the coast he will require to navigate, including the soundings and strength and set of the tides, and
show that he can shape a course from the chart, making
due allowance for tides, leeway, and other disturbing
elements.

10. The master of a sea-going steamer must be
    twenty-one years of age, and have been five years at sea,
    of which he must have served at least one as first or
    only mate. He must write a legible hand, and understand the first four rules of arithmetic and the application of logarithms to nautical problems. He must
    know the rule of the road, and describe and show that
    he thoroughly understands the application of the Government Regulations as to Lights and Fog Signals.
    He must understand the compass thoroughly, be able to
    take bearings therewith and correct them for variation
    and deviation, and be able to lay down his position on
    a chart by such corrected bearings. He must be able
    to explain variation and deviation in general terms, and
    to be shown how they are to be allowed for in laying
    off a course. He must also be able to ascertain the
    combined variation and deviation of his compasses from
    altitudes and azimuth of the sun. He must know the
    marks of the lead line, and understand how to mark a
    log line to suit any glass. He must be able to find the
    time of high water at any port from its establishment,
    and be able to reduce soundings taken at any time to
    low water.

He must be able to work a day’s work complete,
including the bearings and distances of his ports of
departure and destination, by Mercator’s method, and to lay
down his position thus found on a chart. He must
understand the use of a sextant thoroughly, and be able
to determine and apply its index error, and to understand whether it be in proper adjustment.

He must be able to understand his latitude by
meridian and double altitudes of the sun, and by observation of a star, and be able to compare and rate
chronometers, and to find his longitude by them by the
usual rule and to verify the same by Sumner’s method.

He must be able to lay down his position on the
chart as thus ascertained as well as by dead reckoning,
and to deduct the set and velocity of currents by any
difference between the positions thus found.

He must give satisfactory proofs of his knowledge
of general seamanship, and will amongst other things
be examined as to the rigging and unrigging of vessels,
the stowing of holds, the shifting of large spars and
sails, the management of a vessel in stormy weather,
securing cables, and casting a ship when on a lee shore.
He will be examined as to his competence to construct
rafts, and as to his resources for the preservation of
passengers and crew in the event of a wreck.

He must also be acquainted with the lights and
leading lights on the coasts and in the harbours which
he is accustomed or intends to navigate, as well as with
the soundings, tidal currents, &c.

In all cases satisfactory testimonials of character,
sobriety and good conduct on board ship must be produced before the candidate can be examined.

C.—Qualifications for Engineers’ Certificates.

11. The engineer of a river steamer must be twenty-
    one years of age.

He must have served an apprenticeship to an
engineer, or prove that for not less than three years he
has been employed in some factory or workshop on the
making or repairing of engines, and must also have
been in charge or driver of a steam engine for at least
one year; or

He must have been in charge of a steam engine at
work for not less than three years.

He must be able to give a description of boilers, and
the methods of staying them, together with the use
and management of the different valves, cocks, pipes,
and connections.

He must understand how to correct defects from
accident, decay, &c., and the means of repairing such
defects.

He must understand the use of the barometer,
thermometer, and salinometer.

He must state the causes, effects, and usual remedies
for incrustation and corrosion.

He must be able to state how a temporary or
permanent repair could be effected in case of derangement of any part of the machinery, or of a total break
down.

He must be able to pass a creditable examination
as to the details of the different working parts of the
engine for which he is being examined, together with
the use of each part.

He must write a legible hand, and understand the
first four rules of arithmetic.

12. The engineer of a sea-going steamer must be
    twenty-two years of age.

He must have served an apprenticeship to an
engineer, or prove that for not less than three years
he has been employed in some factory or workshop
on the making and repairing of engines, and must also
have served not less than two years at sea in the
engine room; or

He must have served at least four years at sea in
the engine room, of which at least one must have been
served as second engineer.

He must write a legible hand, and understand the
first five rules of arithmetic and the use of decimals,
also the mensuration of superficies and solids, and the
extraction of the square root.